Ensuring the longevity of their gear is a fundamental responsibility for every firefighter. Gear Wash, a subsidiary of Fire-Dex, and the largest third-party verified Independent Service Provider (ISP) for PPE care and maintenance in the world, recognizes the critical significance of maintaining a top-tier programme for the inspection, cleaning and repair of firefighting ensembles.
In its mission to ensure the longevity and effectiveness of essential garments, Gear Wash presents the following guide on how to properly clean gloves, helmets, turnout gear, hoods and boots. In all instances, the person managing the gear should don the proper PPE, which is at a minimum is a set of examination-grade gloves, an apron and safety glasses as a safeguard against potential exposure to hazardous substances that might be present on these items.
Gear Care: a vital NFPA requirement
In 2020, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) implemented significant revisions to its NFPA 1851 standard. These revisions introduced notable changes to the minimum requirements for gear inspections and cleanings. Moreover, they emphasize the fire department’s obligation to document all cleaning procedures and to ensure that personnel receive proper training in the correct maintenance protocols for protective clothing.
NFPA 1851 places a strong emphasis on safeguarding the performance properties of firefighting gear. Exposure to heat, smoke and hazardous substances can compromise the materials used in the construction of such garments as well as diminish their protective barrier properties.
At a minimum, the NFPA recommends all issued gear be inspected annually and be machine cleaned at least twice a year – once every six months. Mandated machine cleanings can be performed by the gear manufacturer or by a verified ISP. Per NFPA 1851, independent laboratories are required to conduct annual verifications of ISPs to ensure their capability in effectively eliminating contaminants and carcinogens from protective garments.
However, maintaining gear is not solely reliant on periodic professional cleaning. By combining these services with self-maintenance, fire departments can optimize their gear’s useful lifespan, ultimately ensuring it remains in optimal condition to safeguard both their own wellbeing and the communities they protect.
Inspection is the first step
In the September issue we discussed how to inspect firefighting gear for wear and tear. Prior to cleaning, all garments must be carefully examined for structural issues or problems with the fabric, including signs of soiling or contamination that can pose a health risk. Gear that is visibly damaged may also require mending before it is returned to service. If you are unsure of how to properly assess the condition of your gear, be sure to consult a third-party verified ISP for guidance.
How to clean gloves
Before we delve into the cleaning process, it’s crucial to remember that firefighting gloves should never be subjected to machine washing, which involves mechanical action through tumbling or agitation, unless specifically recommended otherwise. It is always best practice to refer to the glove manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning.
To start, prepare a utility sink or a large container with warm water, maintaining a temperature below 105°F (40°C), and add a mild detergent with a pH ranging from 6.0 to 10.5, following the manufacturer’s suggested ratio of detergent to water. Note that when dealing with gloves, helmets, turnout gear, hoods or boots, the initial step in the procedure will consistently involve preparing the warm water/mild detergent bath described here.
Next put the firefighting gloves on over the examination gloves and briskly rub them together to ensure thorough cleaning of all surfaces, employing a soft bristle brush for the exterior surfaces if needed. Then remove the firefighting gloves (while leaving the examination gloves on) and refill the sink or container with clean water before meticulously rinsing both the interior and exterior of the firefighting gloves.
Avoid wringing the gloves dry; instead, gently squeeze out excess water. Drying should occur at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures, never exceeding 105°F (40°C). Consider using equipment that facilitates airflow into the glove interior for expedited drying. Finally, hang the gloves in a cool, dry, shaded location to complete the process.
How to clean helmets
Like gloves, helmets should never find their way into a washing machine or tumble dryer, as the mechanical action involved can damage them. Instead, opt for a meticulous hand-cleaning process using the described water/detergent bath.
Begin by removing all detachable components, such as ear covers, suspension covers and goggles, which should be washed and dried separately. Textile-based detachable components can be either hand-washed individually or included in a washer extractor load with other items like garments or hoods. Once these components are safely set aside, it’s time to begin the helmet’s wash.
Carefully hand-wash any attached face shields with a soft cloth and employ a soft bristle brush to access hard-to-reach areas between components, thoroughly scrubbing both the exterior and interior of the helmet.
Following the wash, refill the sink or container to ensure a complete rinse before allowing the helmet to air dry. Use a soft towel to aid the drying process if needed.
How to clean turnout gear
The meticulous process begins with separating the outer shell from the liner, then securing all closures, from pockets to zippers, ensuring no elements escape cleaning. Washing machines used should meet specific criteria, including programmable settings for detergent application, water temperature, cycle type and more, all while adhering to a safe G-force limit. If you are uncertain what parameters your washing machine has compared to NFPA 1851, it is best to consult your washing machine servicing provider.
Avoid overloading or underloading the washer. Also keep water temperature below 105°F (40°C). Separately washing the garment liner from the outer shell is recommended, using mild detergents within the pH range of 6.0 to 10.5. Be sure to steer clear of harsh chemicals like chlorine bleach or solvents. The washing cycle will typically involve filling the wash basket, adding detergent and performing multiple rinses and separate extractions between wash/rinse steps depending on the gear manufacturer’s recommendations.
Once the gear is clean and odour-free, it’s time for the drying process. Avoid sunlight, fluorescent or UV light during this phase. Opt for air drying or specially designed air-drying cabinets. Alternatively, utilize dryers (or place ensembles in well-ventilated areas) where temperatures do not exceed 105°F (40°C). Only when ensembles are completely dry should they be deemed ready for duty once more.
How to clean hoods
It’s crucial to remember that hoods can be either hand- or machine-washed, either independently or with liners, depending on the manufacturer’s specific cleaning instructions.
For manual cleaning, start by allowing the hood to pre-soak for at least 10 minutes in the water/detergent bath, then gently rub the material, starting with the exterior and then turning it inside out. A soft washcloth can assist in cleaning. Be cautious not to stretch the hood.
After thorough rinsing, prepare the hood for air drying. Avoid wringing it out; instead, gently squeeze to remove excess water. Lay the hood on a drying rack or a suitable surface that encourages water drainage.
For machine washable and dryable hoods, as well as particulate-blocking hoods, be sure to follow the manufacturer’s provided procedures.
How to clean boots
Begin by gently scrubbing the interior of the boots with a soft bristle brush, ensuring no area is overlooked. Then, proceed to scrub the exterior, leaving no surface uncleaned.
Once the thorough scrubbing is complete, rinse both the interior and exterior of the boots with clean water. If you lack specialized drying equipment, hang the boots upside down to dry, taking care to prevent water run-off from creating slip hazards. Optionally, for leather footwear, a sealant, conditioning or polish can be applied after the boots have fully dried, as specified by the manufacturer.
Knowing when to retire your gear
It’s imperative to remain vigilant when it comes to the condition of your gear. Any garments that exhibit conspicuous signs of soiling or distress should immediately be set aside for thorough cleaning and, if necessary, repair. Equally vital is the ability to discern when care and maintenance alone cannot salvage your gear. While NFPA guidelines stipulate a 10-year lifespan from the date of manufacture, there are instances when gear should be retired well before reaching that decade mark.
Several factors may necessitate the retirement of bunker gear before it reaches the 10-year threshold:
- Contamination from an incident that renders it either unsafe to handle or incapable of being adequately cleaned for further use.
- Prolonged exposure to extreme fireground temperatures resulting in substantial damage to its protective properties.
- The gear has incurred irreparable damage or has deteriorated beyond the scope of repair.
- Maintenance costs have surpassed the remaining useful life of the gear, rendering it financially impractical to keep.
Various other circumstances can compromise gear effectiveness, underlining the importance of having it professionally serviced by a certified ISP. An expert eye can be beneficial for knowing the optimal time to retire gear.
Keep gear clean
Adhering strictly to NFPA 1851 guidelines can significantly prolong the lifespan of firefighting gear. It is essential to heed the recommendations provided by gear manufacturers and maintain a regular cleaning routine for all garments. Further utilizing verified ISPs for laundering gear at least twice a year is paramount as it optimizes the functionality of advanced fabrics, concurrently reducing the risk of secondary exposure to hazardous toxins and carcinogens.
Many ISPs also offer repair and alteration services and make rental gear accessible for departments facing temporary needs. During periods when turnouts are not in active use, departments should allocate time to meticulously inspect and maintain their gear.
This important routine can foster a safer approach to the dangers firefighters face every day.Visit gearwash.com for service locations and guidance on NFPA 1851 requirements.
About the Author
Nick Magoteaux
Nick Magoteaux has served in several roles within public safety during his 20-year career. He is currently the Business Development & Military Contract Manager forGear Wash. Nick is an advocate for firefighter health and safety on a local and national level. He serves on the board of directors for the Tri-State FACE Team, the Carney Strong Initiative, and is the co-founder of the Firefighter Health & Wellness Conference. Nick has his Associates of Fire Science from Columbia Southern University.
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